Abstract
The extracellular space (ECS) of the nervous tissue is a microenvironment for nerve cells, and an important communication channel (1–4). It includes ions, transmitters, metabolites, peptides, neurohormones, other neuroactive substances, and molecules of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and directly or indirectly affects neuronal and glial cell functions. Neuroactive substances, released into the ECS by neurons and glia, diffuse via the ECS to their targets, located on nerve as well as glial cells, frequently distant from the release sites. Since glial cells do not have synapses, their communication with neurons is mediated only by the diffusion of ions and neuroactive substances in the ECS.
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