Abstract
The pattern of resource allocation to reproduction vs. vegetative growth is a core component of a plant’s life-history strategy. Plants can modify their biomass allocation patterns to adapt to contrasting environments. Meristems can have alternative fates to commit to vegetative growth, reproduction, or remaining inactive (dormant or senescent/dead). However, knowledge about whether meristem fates can interpret adaptive changes in biomass allocation remains largely unknown. We measured aboveground plant biomass (a proxy of plant size) and meristem number of a dominant shrub Artemisia ordosica in three populations occupying different habitats in the Mu Us Desert of northern China. Size-dependent biomass allocation and meristem allocation among habitats were compared. The size-dependent biomass allocation and meristem allocation of A. ordosica strongly varied across habitats. There were significant positive linear relationships between meristem allocation and biomass allocation in all habitats, indicating that meristem allocation is an indicator of the estimated resource allocation to reproductive and vegetative organs in this species. Plasticity in meristem allocation was more likely caused by larger individuals having less active meristems due to environmental stress. Vegetative meristems (VM) were likely more vulnerable to environmental limitation than reproductive ones, resulting in the ratio of resource investment between vegetative and reproductive functions exhibiting plasticity in different habitats. A. ordosica invested a higher fraction of its resource to reproduction in the adverse habitat, while more resource to vegetative growth in the favorable habitat. A. ordosica adopts different resource allocation patterns to adapt to contrasting habitat conditions through altering its meristem fates. Our results suggest that the arid-adapted shrub A. ordosica deactivates more VM than reproductive ones to hedge against environmental stress, representing an important adaptive strategy. This information contributes to understand the life-history strategies of long-lived plants under stressful environments.
Highlights
Growth and reproduction are two of the most fundamental life-history functions in plants
We address the following questions: (i) whether meristem allocation can be used as a surrogate for estimating resource allocation in A. ordosica; (ii) how habitat conditions affect the patterns of biomass and meristem allocation; and (iii) whether meristem fates can interpret the adaptive changes in resource allocation of A. ordosica across different habitats
Habitat conditions had no significant effect on the slope of the reproductive twigs (RT)–reproductive meristems (RM) relationship or that of the RT:vegetative twigs (VT)–RM:Vegetative meristems (VM) relationship; it did affect the VT biomass and VM number (VT–VM) slope
Summary
Growth and reproduction are two of the most fundamental life-history functions in plants. The pattern of resource (biomass) allocation to reproduction vs vegetative growth is a central issue in plant life-history studies (Bonser and Aarssen, 2009; Weiner et al, 2009a). Different patterns of resource allocation usually reflect plant’s adaptive strategies that are the product of natural selection pressures and constraints (Bonser and Aarssen, 1996; Weiner, 2004). Plants can modify their allocation patterns to maximize their overall fitness in different environments (Guo et al, 2012). Studies of plant allocation patterns under different conditions could provide insights into our understanding of the adaptive strategies of plants to different environments
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