Abstract
A suction caisson has a relatively small length-to-diameter ratio, and the suction-induced seepage forces can liquefy the sand surrounding the caisson, depending on the pullout rate. Houlsby et al. (2005) modeled the seepage forces effect, and its related impact on the effective stresses and the corresponding pullout capacity. However, ignoring potential liquefaction and sand flow that may occur due to the seepage-induced forces can yield an overestimate of pullout capacity as a function of the induced deformation. A Bingham plastic flow model is used to describe the shear stresses as a function of shear strain rate. The general rheological behavior is expressed as when sand flow occurs
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