Abstract

The plastic deformation occurs in steels during metal forming processing such as rolling, forging, high-pressure torsion, etc. which modify mechanical properties of materials through the grain refinement, and the shape change of objects. Several phenomena in the scope of plastic deformation, such as hardening, recovery, and recrystallization are of great importance in designing thermomechanical processing. During the last decades, a focus of research groups has been devoted particularly to the field of metals processing of steel parts through plastic deformation combined with specific heat treatment conditions. In this review chapter, the current status of research work on the role of plastic deformation during manufacturing is illuminated.

Highlights

  • The researchers are dedicating high effort to increase the strength to weight ratio by grain refinement through applying heat treatments [14–20], mechanical processing [21, 22], and a combination of both i.e. thermomechanical processing (TMP) [23–27]

  • While both Dynamic recovery (DRV) and DRX were dominant at all strain rates with decreasing temperature, the discontinuous DRX (dDRX) phenomena was more prominent at slow strain rate (0.001 s-1) at 900°C due to nucleation of unstrained grains that occurs normally in low stacking fault energy (SFE) high strength steels

  • This review chapter focuses on plastic deformation behavior which can be controlled via processing parameters

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Summary

Introduction

The demand for lightweight material products is being increased in industries e.g. aerospace [1, 2], automobiles [3, 4], buildings [5, 6], trains [7, 8], forged connecting rods and pistons [9], bridges [10], naval [11–13], etc. for a high living standard (see Figure 1). Some of the major metal processing steps are often involved such as rolling, forging methods with wide temperature ranges (cold, warm and hot deformation temperature ranges) for the grain refinements [26, 27, 29–32]. Are being used for ultrafine grains in which plastic transformation reaches over strain 1 through severe plastic deformation (SPD) [33–35] In this SPD processes, the large shear stress involved usually results in a complex stress state resulting in a high defect density and homogeneous ultrafine grains. During metal forming processing, the steel experiences different metallurgical phenomena like work hardening, dynamic recovery, dynamic recrystallization, flow instabilities, etc. This chapter focuses on plastic deformation behavior which can be controlled through processing parameters that affect microstructure refinement and associated mechanical properties of metals and steels during forming

Some common metal processing and joining setups
A basic understanding of microstructure
Some basics of plastic deformation mechanism
Terminology and summary of TMP related mechanisms
Recovery
Recrystallization
The role of work-hardening rate
On properties derived from flow curves and relation to microstructures
SPD impacts on the structure and mechanical properties of steels
Concluding remarks
Full Text
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