Abstract
Recent advances of plasmonic nanoparticles include fascinating developments in the fields of energy, catalyst chemistry, optics, biotechnology, and medicine. The plasmonic photothermal properties of metallic nanoparticles are of enormous interest in biomedical fields because of their strong and tunable optical response and the capability to manipulate the photothermal effect by an external light source. To date, most biomedical applications using photothermal nanoparticles have focused on photothermal therapy; however, to fully realize the potential of these particles for clinical and other applications, the fundamental properties of photothermal nanoparticles need to be better understood and controlled, and the photothermal effect‐based diagnosis, treatment, and theranostics should be thoroughly explored. This Progress Report summarizes recent advances in the understanding and applications of plasmonic photothermal nanoparticles, particularly for sensing, imaging, therapy, and drug delivery, and discusses the future directions of these fields.
Highlights
Recent advances of plasmonic nanoparticles include fascinating as the photothermal effect, by plasmonic nanomaterials has been extensively used developments in the fields of energy, catalyst chemistry, optics, for photothermal therapy applications.[7]
The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of nanorods strongly depends on the structural aspect ratio, and the longitudinal plasmon mode is red-shifted from the visible to the NIR spectral region as the aspect ratio of nanorod increases, whereas the transverse mode is relatively insensitive to the aspect ratio (Figure 4b).[51a]. In addition, the aspect ratio of gold nanorods can be precisely controlled by the amounts of silver ions or gold seeds added during the growth step.[53]
The absorption cross-section over total extinction was larger than the scattering cross-section, and gold nanorods and nanocages showed larger absorption and scattering cross-sections than nanoshells, with more than two times stronger extinction crosssections. These results indicate that gold nanorods and nanocages with higher absorption cross-sections are more efficient light-to-heat plasmonic converters than nanoshells
Summary
The physical, chemical, and optical properties of metals are highly dependent on the spatial motion of the constituent electrons. Www.advancedsciencenews.com www.advancedscience.com coulombic restoring force between the negative electrons and the positive nuclei, which leads to a series of back-and-forth oscillations of the electron cloud on the particle surface.[18,19] This collective coherent oscillation of the conduction band electrons within metallic nanoparticles occurring at the metal/ dielectric interface is termed localized surface plasmon (LSP).[20]. When the frequency of the incident light matches (resonance) with the LSP oscillation frequency of the plasmonic metal nanoparticles (e.g., gold, silver, and copper), the plasmonic nanoparticles strongly absorb the light, which generates highly amplified and localized electric fields in the vicinity of the particle surface This resonant condition of LSP at a particular frequency of light is termed the LSP resonance (LSPR). LSPR is highly dependent on the factors affecting the density of electrons on the particle surface, such as size, shape, composition, dielectric properties of metal, and the surrounding medium.[18,22] These factors affect the absorption and scattering properties of plasmonic nanoparticles
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