Abstract
Due to their localized surface plasmon resonances in visible spectrum, noble metal nanostructures have been considered for improving the photoactivity of wide bandgap semiconductors. Improved photoactivity is attributed to localized surface plasmon relaxations such as direct electron injection and resonant energy transfer. However, the details on the plasmonic solar water splitting through near electromagnetic field enhancement have not been fully understood. Here, the authors report that shape-controlled gold nanoparticles on wide bandgap semiconductors improve the water-splitting photoactivity of the semiconductors with over-bandgap photon energies compared to sub-bandgap photon energies. It is revealed that hot hole injection into the oxygen evolution reaction potential is the rate-limiting step in plasmonic solar water splitting. The proposed concept of photooxidation catalysts derived from an ensemble of gold nanoparticles having sharp vertices is applicable to various photocatalytic semiconductors and provides a theoretical framework to explore new efficient plasmonic photoelectrodes.
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