Abstract
Abstract Nano-patterned colloidal plasmonic metasurfaces are capable of manipulation of light at the subwavelength scale. However, achieving controllable lithography-free nano-patterning for colloidal metasurfaces still remains a major challenge, limiting their full potential in building advanced plasmonic devices. Here, we demonstrate plasmonic field guided patterning (PFGP) of ordered colloidal metallic nano-patterns using orthogonal laser standing evanescent wave (LSEW) fields. We achieved colloidal silver nano-patterns with a large area of 30 mm2 in <10 min by using orthogonal LSEW fields with a non-focused ultralow fluence irradiation of 0.25 W cm−2. The underlying mechanism of the formation of the nano-patterns is the light-induced polarization of the nanoparticles (NPs), which leads to a dipole-dipole interaction for stabilizing the nano-pattern formation, as confirmed by polarization-dependent surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. This optical field-directed self-assembly of NPs opens an avenue for designing and fabricating reconfigurable colloidal nano-patterned metasurfaces in large areas.
Highlights
Plasmonic metasurfaces are metallic patterned subwavelength arrays exhibiting unique macroscopic electromagnetic properties due to the collective response of the individual nanostructures [1,2,3,4]
We have proposed a light-controlled rapid fabrication procedure of plasmonic field guided patterning (PFGP), which can produce large-area nano-patterned colloidal silver metasurfaces, using a low fluence irradiation of orthogonal laser standing evanescent wave (LSEW) within several minutes
We have unveiled that the key contribution to the PFGP of nano-patterned colloidal metasurfaces arises from the cooperative exertion of optical forces on colloidal NPs in orthogonal LSEW fields
Summary
Plasmonic metasurfaces are metallic patterned subwavelength arrays exhibiting unique macroscopic electromagnetic properties due to the collective response of the individual nanostructures [1,2,3,4]. Bottom-up approaches, such as colloidal metasurfaces, are promising for mass production They can be designed to display interesting and tunable optical functionalities by tuning the in-plane [11] or out-plane [12] electromagnetic coupling through changing the size, shape of the individual nanoparticles (NPs), and their assemblies [13]. There are several methods for fabricating colloidal metasurfaces, such as self-assembly [14], optical printing [15], and optical binding [16], with each method having specific advantages and disadvantages. Comparing with optical trapping [18,19,20], optical binding [16] can improve the spatiotemporal stability of
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