Abstract
In the 1950s, the strategy of adding chloroquine to food salt as a prophylaxis against malaria was considered to be a successful tool. However, with the development of Plasmodium resistance in the Brazilian Amazon, this control strategy was abandoned. More than 50 years later, asexual stage resistance can be avoided by screening for antimalarial drugs that have a selective action against gametocytes, thus old prophylactic measures can be revisited. The efficacy of the old methods should be tested as complementary tools for the elimination of malaria.
Highlights
Recent numbers from the World Health Organization (WHO) demonstrate the importance of malaria in the global scenario
In the 2013 World Malaria Report, the number of malaria cases exceeded 200 million, with 627,000 deaths (WHO 2013). These numbers have been fluctuating over recent decades, but in most endemic areas, no real possibility of elimination is expected in the few years without envisioning new tools
For reducing malaria transmission, a successful programme should focus on several aspects, including early diagnosis, vector control and the use of effective antimalarial drugs
Summary
Recent numbers from the World Health Organization (WHO) demonstrate the importance of malaria in the global scenario. These numbers have been fluctuating over recent decades, but in most endemic areas, no real possibility of elimination is expected in the few years without envisioning new tools. For reducing malaria transmission (i.e., malaria control), a successful programme should focus on several aspects, including early diagnosis, vector control and the use of effective antimalarial drugs.
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