Abstract
Plasmodium knowlesi has been known as a parasite of South-East Asian monkeys since the first quarter of the last century. It was experimentally transmitted to humans in the 1930s and for a period was used in the treatment of neurosyphilis. Subsequently, naturally occurring human infection was described. In recent decades human cases have been recognized in Indonesia, Borneo, Singapore, Malaysia, Myanmar, Vietnam and the Philippines and occasional cases have occurred elsewhere in returning travellers. The parasitized cells are not enlarged and have fine cytoplasmic dots, which were referred to as Sinton and Mulligan's dots in the older literature. The presence of young rings, accole forms and high parasitemia may lead to confusion with P. falciparum . However, in addition to delicate rings there are also more chunky rings and, later, somewhat ameboid trophozoites.
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