Abstract
BackgroundPlasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), which is a part of urokinase plasminogen activation (uPA) system, had been reported to have a crucial role in the development of different types of cancers. The PAI-1 gene, located on chromosome 7, contains nine exons and eight introns. This gene is highly polymorphic, and its most common polymorphism (4G/5G) affects PAI-1 biosynthesis and consequently its circulating level.AimThe current study investigated the distribution of genotypes and the allelic frequency of the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to chronic HCV patients living in Egypt. Additionally, the effect of the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism on serum PAI-1 levels was assessed.MethodsThe study was carried on 50 HCC and 47 chronic HCV patients using real-time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe genotypic distributions of the 4G/5G polymorphism (5G/5G, 4G/4G, 4G/5G, and 4G/4G + 4G/5G) and the frequency of alleles (5G and 4G) were not statistically significantly different between both study groups (p > 0.05). In addition, serum levels of PAI-1did not show any significant difference between HCC patients and HCV patients regarding all different genotypes of the 5G/4G polymorphism at p > 0.05 neither between the different genotypes of the 5G/4G polymorphism in the same group at p > 0.05.ConclusionOur study suggests that the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism may not be considered as one of the underlying genetic causes of hepatocarcinogenesis in chronically HCV-infected patients living in Egypt.
Highlights
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and aggressive cancer all over the world as it has been the second cancer-related death worldwide (Suh et al, 2018)
Serum levels of PAI-1did not show any significant difference between HCC patients and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients regarding all different genotypes of the 5G/4G polymorphism at p > 0.05 neither between the different genotypes of the 5G/4G polymorphism in the same group at p > 0.05
Our study suggests that the Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) 4G/5G polymorphism may not be considered as one of the underlying genetic causes of hepatocarcinogenesis in chronically HCV-infected patients living in Egypt
Summary
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and aggressive cancer all over the world as it has been the second cancer-related death worldwide (Suh et al, 2018). In Egypt, HCC had been reported to develop in about 4.7% of chronic liver disease (CLD) patients (El-Zayadi et al, 2001). C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as major risk factors (EL Zayadi et al, 2005) manifested as a doubling in the incidence rate in the past 10 years (Anwar et al, 2008). One of the major risk factors for the progression to liver cirrhosis and HCC is HBV infection (Ohata et al, 2004). The PAI-1 gene, located on chromosome 7, contains nine exons and eight introns. This gene is highly polymorphic, and its most common polymorphism (4G/5G) affects PAI-1 biosynthesis and its circulating level
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