Abstract
Background The elevated level of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome and in patients with type 2 diabetes is well established. The association of plasma PAI-1 and lipid metabolism is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between plasma PAI-1 levels and the distribution of lipoprotein subfractions in obese and lean nondiabetic individuals. Subjects and Methods We enrolled fifty nondiabetic obese patients and thirty-two healthy volunteers. Lipoprotein subfractions were detected with Lipoprint System. Plasma PAI-1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) concentrations were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activities were measured by spectrophotometry. Results The TNF-α, IL-6, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), and MPO levels were found to be significantly higher, while PON1 paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were nonsignificantly lower in the obese patients. Strong significant negative correlations were found between plasma PAI-1 concentration and mean LDL size, as well as between PAI-1 concentrations and the levels of the large and intermediate high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions. In multiple regression analysis, PAI-1 was predicted by waist circumference and intermediate HDL subfraction. Conclusion The significant correlations between PAI-1 levels and lipoprotein subfractions indicate the link between PAI-1 and lipid metabolism in obesity.
Highlights
Excess adipose tissue in obesity is directly associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and, in part, due to comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia [1, 2]
Plasma triglyceride and lipoprotein(a) concentrations were measured to be significantly higher, while the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C and apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) were significantly lower in the obese group, compared to normal-weight controls
Fasting glucose was in the normal range in both groups, and blood glucose level at 120 min of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was not elevated in the obese group
Summary
Excess adipose tissue in obesity is directly associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and, in part, due to comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia [1, 2]. Increased levels of PAI-1 in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome and in type 2 diabetic patients are well documented [9,10,11]. The elevated level of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome and in patients with type 2 diabetes is well established. The TNF-α, IL-6, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), and MPO levels were found to be significantly higher, while PON1 paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were nonsignificantly lower in the obese patients. Strong significant negative correlations were found between plasma PAI-1 concentration and mean LDL size, as well as between PAI-1 concentrations and the levels of the large and intermediate high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions. The significant correlations between PAI-1 levels and lipoprotein subfractions indicate the link between PAI-1 and lipid metabolism in obesity
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