Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and visceral obesity during pronounced weight loss after bariatric surgery

Abstract

Background and aimsElevated plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) concentrations are a hallmark of obesity and are considered to contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease. As adipose tissue constitutes a major source for PAI-1 in obesity, we investigated the individual contribution of subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat on PAI-1 concentrations during pronounced weight loss after bariatric surgery. Methods and resultsThirty-seven obese adults were examined before and 18 months after surgery. Abdominal fat distribution was determined by ultrasound, metabolic parameters and plasma PAI-1 levels by standard methods. BMI was reduced by 9.2±4.9kg/m2, while total fat mass and visceral fat diameter (VFD) decreased by 20.7±11.9kg and 4.2±2.3cm, respectively. Concomitantly, PAI-1 levels diminished by 3.2±5.6ng/ml (all p≤0.015). Change in PAI-1 levels was correlated with change in VFD (r=0.441, p=0.008), but not with subcutaneous fat diameter. In stepwise multiple regression analysis change in VFD was an independent predictor of change in PAI-1 concentrations. When adjusted for age and sex or total fat mass associations between PAI-1 and VFD remained significant. ConclusionWe demonstrate that VFD is a major determinant for PAI-1 concentrations during pronounced weight loss after bariatric surgery. Thus, significant reduction of visceral fat mass may contribute to the reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after bariatric surgery by a concomitant decrease in PAI-1 concentrations.