Abstract
BackgroundMultiple antibiotic-resistant (MAR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) plays a significant role in triggering nosocomial infection in clinical settings. While P. aeruginosa isolated from the environment is often regarded as non-pathogenic, the progressive development of antibiotic resistance necessitates exploring the MAR patterns and transposable genetic elements like plasmid in the isolates.ResultsUsing ecfX gene-based PCR, 32 P. aeruginosa isolates among 48 soil samples collected from the industrial region have been confirmed. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of those isolates revealed that 5 (15.63%) of them were resistant to a range of antibiotics, and they were categorized as MAR isolates. Nevertheless, all MAR isolates were found resistant to piperacillin and gentamicin, but none of them to ceftazidime, aztreonam, and ciprofloxacin. Moreover, the isolates were also showed resistance to amikacin (60%), tobramycin (80%), netilmicin (80%), imipenem (60%), doripenem (40%), meropenem (60%), and cefixime (40%). Furthermore, 60% of MAR isolates possessed double plasmids of 1000–2000 bp sizes which indicates the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in MAR P. aeruginosa might be correlated with the presence of those plasmids. The MAR index’s high threshold values (> 0.20) implied that the isolates were from high-risk environmental sites where the presence of numerous antibiotic residues happened.ConclusionsThese findings highlighted the presence of multiple antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa of the industrial soil and a considerable prospect of transferring antibiotic resistance genes in the microbial community by plasmids. We recommend taking immediate stringent measures to prohibit the unnecessary and overuse of antibiotics in agricultural, industrial, or other purposes.
Highlights
Multiple antibiotic-resistant (MAR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) plays a significant role in triggering nosocomial infection in clinical settings
3 Results A total of forty-eight soil samples have been collected from different locations of the industrial area in Chittagong, and 32 P. aeruginosa isolates were identified
This study revealed that all MAR P. aeruginosa (5, 100%) were resistant to piperacillin which belongs to the penicillin group antibiotics
Summary
Multiple antibiotic-resistant (MAR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) plays a significant role in triggering nosocomial infection in clinical settings. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is omnipresent in soil, plants, hospital wastewater, bathrooms, tubs, and bathtub faucet [1] It has been considered a principal causative agent of hospital-acquired infections worldwide and accounts for around 10% of its annual incidence. Typical antibiotic regimens against P. aeruginosa are progressively getting unsuccessful owing to the emerging drug resistance that eventually poses a perpetual threat to public health [2]. It is a leading cause of ventilatorassociated pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, meningitis, abscess, infections of the cornea, soft tissue and urinary tract, catheter-related infections, and conjunctival erythema [3]. National Healthcare Safety Network documented that P. aeruginosa is the sixth top etiologic agent causing hospital-acquired infection, and it holds the second position in causing ventilator-associated pneumonia within hospitals of the USA [6]
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