Abstract
Escherichia coli is the most prevalent organism responsible for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in hospital and community sources. The present study was carried out to detect multi drug resistant (MDR) E coli from urine samples and the role of plasmids in drug resistance. One hundred urine samples were collected from the hospital and community within the University of Port Harcourt. Microscopic and chemical examination was carried out on the urine samples. E coli were isolated and antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out on the isolates, the resistant E. coli were cured by acridine orange and further subjected susceptibility testing. Result obtained from the study showed 35% E. coli recovered from community samples and 65% from hospital samples. Antibiotic sensitivity testing before plasmid curing showed high level of resistance to Augmentin (99%), Cefuroxime (92%), Ceftazidime (78%) and Cefixime (71%). The lowest level of resistance was reported in Gentamicin (15%) and Nitrofurantoin (19%). All the isolates were resistant to Augmentin but upon plasmid curing the resistant rate ofisolates to eight antibiotics reduced. Our findings showed that Augmentin and Cefuroxime (62 and 31%) were still resistant after the plasmids of the isolates were cured. For hospital and community sources Nitrofurantoin (1; 0%), Ceftazidime (3; 8%), Ciprofloxacin (1%), Gentamicin (10%) and Ofloxacin (10%). Sixty-two (62) percent of the hospital isolates were resistant to three or more antibiotics while 60% of the community isolates were multidrug resistant. Our study thus concludes that plasmids alone are not responsible for the resistance to antibiotics exhibited by E,coli from urine samples. Antibiotics should be produced to target genes that are responsible for resistance to prevent the spread of drug resistant organisms.Keywords: Antibiotics, Escherichia coli, Multidrug resistant, Plasmid
Highlights
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in humans are caused mostly by Escherichia coli, they are responsible for community and hospital- acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Plasmids are small DNA molecules that are found within the cell, the cells are physically separated from chromosomal DNA but they have the ability to coexist with the host
Plasmids are extrachromosomal mobile elements that are genetic which are found in bacteria, they contribute to antibiotic resistance, virulence, gene gain between species through horizontal gene transfer by conjugate and non-conjugate mechanisms (Schief and Wensmk, 1981; 1999; Dasmeh et al, 2015)
Summary
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in humans are caused mostly by Escherichia coli, they are responsible for community and hospital- acquired UTIs. Urinary Antibiotics résistance that is acquired in hospital and community are different from each other. Most urinary tract infections are acquired when the bacteria gets into the urinary system. It is most often acquired from public utilities that lack proper maintenance. People in hospitals and public residential homes are more vulnerable to urinary tract infections. They are resistant to a wide range of antibiotics especially fluoroquinolones, they are extended beta lactamase producers (Mathers et al, 2015). The aim of this study is to compare the rate at which E. coli can cause urinary tract infection between community and hospitalized patients, and the role of plasmid in multidrug resistant E. coli
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