Plasmapheresis as treatment for hyperlipidemic pancreatitis

Abstract

BackgroundSevere hypertriglyceridemia with an accumulation of chylomicrons and triglyceride figures >1000mg/dL can cause acute pancreatitis, a potentially fatal complication. The option of rapid reduction in triglyceride concentrations is attractive and possible with plasmapheresis. MethodsWe present the results of an analysis of 11 patients admitted to the intensive care unit with severe hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis and treated with plasmapheresis. The procedure was repeated until serum triglycerides were below 1000mg/dL. We recorded anthropometric, clinical data as well as final outcome. ResultsIn eight patients a single plasma exchange was sufficient to reduce triglyceride figures <1000mg/dL. Only three patients died, all with the worst severity indexes and who experienced the longest delay before the procedure. ConclusionsOur results, together with a review of the literature, confirm the need for a randomized clinical trial to compare conventional treatment vs. plasmapheresis in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis.