Abstract
Experimental results of the synthesis of ultrafine powders (UFP) under conditions which characterize quasi-equilibrium, as well as non-equilibrium low temperature plasma (LTP), are summarized. The basic steps involved in the plasmachemical processes for producing UFP are considered. The process of powder vaporization is limiting, determining the characteristics of the plasma generator. To obtain UFP with high purity, the reactions must take place in the gaseous phase. Quenching can be accompanied by a chemical reaction, and as a result, powders are obtained with either defects in the crystal structure or in the amorphous state. The mean particle size of UFP is 5 to 100 nm (specific surface ⩽ 400m2g−1). Quenching determines the phase content of the specific UFP.
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