Plasma total homocysteine levels in patients with early-onset coronary heart disease and a low cardiovascular risk profile

Abstract

Mild hyperhomocysteinemia has been associated with an increased risk to develop premature coronary heart disease. Recently, the homocysteine concentration has been positively correlated with several main cardiovascular risk factors. We addressed the issue as to whether patients with coronary heart disease and a low cardiovascular risk profile also have a higher prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia than matched controls. Ninety-five patients (aged 50.5 ± 6.6 years) and 34 controls (50.0 ± 6.7 years) less than 60 years of age were selected from a sample of patients after coronary angiography. Subjects with hypertension, diabetes, and moderate or severe hyperlipidemia were excluded. We determined plasma aminothiols (total homocysteine, cysteine, and glutathione), lipoprotein fractions, fibrinogen, and uric acid, the body mass index (weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), and the waist to hip ratio. Furthermore, 37 healthy subjects aged 30.8 ± 7.5 years underwent aminothiol determinations. Patients and controls were similar with regard to age and primary cardiovascular risk factors. Total homocysteine concentrations in the patient group (9.2 ± 2.4 μmol/L) were significantly higher than in the healthy subjects (8.0 ± 2.0 μmol/L). However, they did not differ from the levels in the age-matched controls (9.3 ± 3.0 μmol/L). Neither total cysteine nor glutathione concentrations were significantly different between patients and controls. Male patients (n = 85) had higher mean very—low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides (1.36 ± 0.90 mmol/L) and lower high-density lipoprotein 3 (HDL 3) cholesterol (0.75 ± 0.21 mmol/L) than male controls (n = 28; 1.01 ± 0.62 and 0.88 ± 0.26 mmol/L, respectively). Female patients did not have any significant differences in lipoprotein concentrations versus the controls. Among further cardiovascular risk factors, we found a higher prevalence of central obesity in male patients. In conclusion, there was not a higher incidence of hyperhomocysteinemia among patients with premature coronary heart disease and a low cardiovascular risk profile. The higher prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia found in other studies may be related to the primary risk factors seen in these populations, and may therefore be an indicator of the global cardiovascular risk.