Abstract
The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) mediates various cellular activities and is involved in proteolysis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between soluble uPAR (suPAR) levels and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) severity. A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the plasma suPAR levels in 67 healthy controls and 75 patients with CAP. Our results revealed that plasma suPAR levels were significantly elevated in patients with CAP compared with the controls, and antibiotic treatment was effective in reducing suPAR levels. The plasma suPAR levels were correlated with the severity of CAP based on the pneumonia severity index (PSI) scores. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulation significantly increased uPAR expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In conclusion, plasma suPAR levels may play a role in the clinical assessment of CAP severity; these findings may provide information on new targets for treatment of CAP.
Highlights
The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, a multi-ligand receptor, can bind to various ligands such as urokinase-type plasminogen activator, integrins, and vitronectin [1].uPAR mediates various cellular activities and is involved in cell migration, cell adhesion, proteolysis, angiogenesis, and inflammation [2,3,4,5,6].Recently, the soluble form of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor has been proposed to be a biomarker in various inflammatory or immune diseases, including sepsis, diabetes mellitus, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [7,8]
The diagnostic criteria for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were based on guidelines of the American Thoracic
This study demonstrated that suPAR levels were elevated in CAP patients and significantly were associated with pneumonia severity index (PSI) scores indicative of the disease severity
Summary
The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), a multi-ligand receptor, can bind to various ligands such as urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), integrins, and vitronectin [1].uPAR mediates various cellular activities and is involved in cell migration, cell adhesion, proteolysis, angiogenesis, and inflammation [2,3,4,5,6].Recently, the soluble form of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has been proposed to be a biomarker in various inflammatory or immune diseases, including sepsis, diabetes mellitus, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [7,8]. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), a multi-ligand receptor, can bind to various ligands such as urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), integrins, and vitronectin [1]. UPAR mediates various cellular activities and is involved in cell migration, cell adhesion, proteolysis, angiogenesis, and inflammation [2,3,4,5,6]. The soluble form of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has been proposed to be a biomarker in various inflammatory or immune diseases, including sepsis, diabetes mellitus, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [7,8]. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1035; doi:10.3390/ijerph16061035 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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