Plasma Protein Carbonylation in Haemodialysed Patients: Focus on Diabetes and Gender

Graziano Colombo,David Cucchiari,Francesco Reggiani,Nicola Saino,Nicola M Portinaro,Silvia Finazzi,Salvatore Badalamenti,Isabella Dalle-Donne,Maria L Garavaglia,Emanuela Astori,Aldo Milzani

doi:10.1155/2018/4149681

Graziano Colombo, David Cucchiari + Show 9 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4149681

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Abstract

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing haemodialysis (HD) experience oxidative/carbonyl stress, which is postulated to increase after the HD session. The influence of diabetes mellitus and sex on oxidation of plasma proteins in ESRD has not yet been clarified despite that diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of ESRD in developed and developing countries and despite the increasingly emerging differences between males and females in epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and outcomes for several diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the possible effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus, gender, and dialysis filter on plasma level of protein carbonyls (PCO) in ESRD patients at the beginning and at the end of a single HD session. Results show that mean post-HD plasma PCO levels are significantly higher than mean pre-HD plasma PCO levels and that the type of dialysis filter and dialysis technique are unrelated to plasma PCO levels. The mean level of plasma PCO after a HD session increases slightly but significantly in nondiabetic ESRD patients compared to diabetic ones, whereas it increases more markedly in women than in men. These novel findings suggest that women with ESRD are more susceptible than men to oxidative/carbonyl stress induced by HD.

Highlights

Compared to the general population, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) because of higher prevalence of traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors
Plasma proteins from healthy subjects showed a very low level of carbonyl content (Figure 1(b)), whereas plasma proteins from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients clearly exhibited an increase in carbonyl content (Figure 1(e))
Considering that diabetes mellitus occurs as an important comorbidity in the ESRD population and that some studies suggest that oxidative stress in diabetic patients leads to increased plasma protein carbonyls (PCO) levels [40, 41], we hypothesized that diabetic ESRD patients could experience a significant increased oxidative stress in comparison with nondiabetic ESRD patients

Summary

Introduction

Compared to the general population, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) because of higher prevalence of traditional (such as diabetes mellitus, left ventricular hypertrophy, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and obesity) and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors. The latter include uraemia, anaemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which all together form part of the malnutrition-inflammation complex (or cachexia) syndrome, which is a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality in these patients.

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