Plasma metabolome analysis by integrated ionization rapid‐resolution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

Acquiring global information on plasma-endogenous metabolites challenges metabolomics. This study has been designed to investigate the suitability of integrated ionization rapid-resolution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC/MS/MS) for different kinds of metabolites in complex plasma, and provides an approach for plasma metabolomics in acquiring more comprehensive data of metabolites. Integrated ionization of electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) combined with RRLC/MS/MS has been carried out to perform analysis on the global plasma metabolome of healthy volunteers. The contributions to the total numbers of ion features by RRLC/MS with ESI, APCI, and APPI in positive and negative ion modes were calculated. Representative unique and identical ions were identified. The intensities of identical ions were compared. Each of ESI, APCI, and APPI coupled with RRLC/MS has its own advantage over the other two techniques for certain types of metabolites in plasma. LC/ESI-MS is very sensitive for detecting glycerophosphocholines, glycerophosphoethanolamines, acyl carnitines, bile acids, sulfate, etc. LC/APCI-MS is suitable for analyzing cyclic alcohols, fatty acids, and linoleic acids. LC/APPI-MS proves to be appropriate in detecting steroids, sphingolipids, some amino acids, nucleosides, and purines in plasma. It is suggested that the integrated ionization LC/MS approach should be applied for global plasma metabolomics. Moreover, the results obtained demonstrate that it is preferable to choose certain techniques from LC/ESI-MS, LC/APCI-MS, and LC/APPI-MS for metabolite target analysis.