Plasma metabolic profiling analysis of Strychnos nux-vomica Linn. and Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F-induced renal toxicity using metabolomics coupled with UPLC/Q-TOF-MS.

Abstract

Both Strychnos nux-vomica Linn. (SNV) and Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) have received extensive attention due to their excellent clinical efficacies. However, clinical applications of SNV and TwHF have been limited by their narrow therapeutic windows and severe kidney toxicities. In this paper, based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS), endogenous metabolites after administration of SNV and TwHF extracts were detected, and biomarkers were screened successfully. Additionally, the levels of Cr and BUN in serum and pathological findings of kidneys were detected and observed. Finally, both biochemical and pathological tests of the SNV group and TwHF group indicated that kidney damage had occurred. After comparison with the normal saline group, 15 nephrotoxic biomarkers were selected from the SNV group, and 17 nephrotoxic biomarkers were selected from the TwHF group. The experimental results showed that there are some differences in the mechanisms of nephrotoxicity induced by SNV and TwHF, which are significant for revealing the mechanisms of renal injury of different medicines.