Abstract
In order to ensure their physiological and cellular functions, plasma membrane (PM) proteins must be properly conveyed from their site of synthesis, i.e., the endoplasmic reticulum, to their final destination, the PM, through the secretory pathway. PM protein homeostasis also relies on recycling and/or degradation, two processes that are initiated by endocytosis. Vesicular membrane trafficking events to and from the PM have been shown to be altered when plant cells are exposed to mutualistic or pathogenic microbes. In this review, we will describe the fine-tune regulation of such alterations, and their consequence in PM protein activity. We will consider the formation of intracellular perimicrobial compartments, the PM protein trafficking machinery of the host, and the delivery or retrieval of signaling and transport proteins such as pattern-recognition receptors, producers of reactive oxygen species, and sugar transporters.
Highlights
Plants co-exist with a vast diversity of mutualistic or pathogenic microbes such as bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes
This study revealed that clathrin- and microdomain-dependent endocytic pathways cooperatively regulate the constitutive internalization of RBOHD
This review highlights the dynamics of the plasma membrane (PM) as a key process for a better molecular dialog between the plant cell and its biotic environment
Summary
Plants co-exist with a vast diversity of mutualistic or pathogenic microbes such as bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes. To confine and eliminate adapted pathogens, plants have evolved resistance (R) proteins that directly or indirectly recognize effectors and thwart pathogen attack. This second line of defense is named effector-triggered immunity (ETI) or R gene-mediated resistance (Win et al, 2012). Many plant defense responses to infection are shared by PTI and ETI resistance such as protein phosphorylation, changes in ion fluxes, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), synthesis of antimicrobial compounds, and pathogenesis-related proteins associated with cell wall reinforcement. ETI elicits more prolonged and robust immune responses than PTI, and is more often associated with the hypersensitive cell death that inhibits pathogen growth (Tsuda and Katagiri, 2010). A membrane microdomain-associated endocytic pathway has been described in plant that may involve specific microdomain proteins such as flotillins (Li et al, 2012)
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