Abstract
NTFα is a proinflammatory cytokine which acts to worsen disease while IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, which acts to improve healing. Plasmodium falciparum co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis could generate both innate and acquired immunity involving inflammatory responses. This work was designed to determine plasma level of TNF-Alpha and IL-10 in plasmodium co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis . The test subjects recruited for this study were M. tuberculosis mono-infected patients (30), Plasmodium falciparum mono-infected patients (50) and M. tuberculosis and plasmodium coinfected patients (30) aged 32-73years. M. tuberculosis and plasmodium non-infected subjects (50) were studied as control. All subjects were seronegative to HIV, HCV and HBsAg. TNF-Alpha, IL-10, HIV, HCV and HBsAg were determined in each of the subjects by immunochemical technique using ELISA method. M. tuberculosis was identify in each of the subjects by fluorescence microscopy and sputum culture on Lowenstein–Jensen medium while identification of plasmodium was carried out using thick and thin film technique using Geimsha and leishman staining. The result obtained showed a significantly higher plasma levels of TNF-alpha and IL-10 in patients who were co-infected with both plasmodium and M. tuberculosis compared with Plasmodium falciparum mono—infected, M. tuberculosis mono-infected patients and also compared with the control subjects (p<0.05). This work reveals a significant increase in plasma value of TNF-alpha and IL-10 in M. tuberculosis and plasmodium co-infections compared with either plasmodium or M.tuberculosis mono-infections. Routine laboratory evaluation of these parameters in M. tuberculosis and plasmodium co-infection will provide useful direction for the management of the disease condition. Keywords: , NTFα IL-10, plasmodium co-infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Highlights
Plasmodium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis constitutes main causes of death with respect to infectious diseases in Nigeria and Worldwide
IL-10 (Interleukin 10) is an antiinflammatory agent encoded by IL-10 gene while TNF alpha is a pro-inflammatory agent coded by what gene? These two agents could generate responses leading to changes in the plasma concentration of IL-10 and TNF alpha (Walsh et al, 1991; Braat et al, 2006)
Little attention has been paid to the immunochemical status of the co-infection of Plasmodium falciparum with M. tuberculosis compared to co-infections of HIV and viral hepatitis with other infectious agents the justification for this research work
Summary
Plasmodium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis constitutes main causes of death with respect to infectious diseases in Nigeria and Worldwide. Excessive utilization of the immune system to produce antibodies as a specific response to these deadly infections could weaken the immune system, which could lead to immunosuppression This could enhance the invasion of opportunistic agents. The causative agents of the two infectious diseases are widely spread through the air for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and through the female anopheles mosquito vector for Plasmodium infection. These two infectious diseases are tropical and highly prevalent in Nigeria and in Africa countries Plasmodium falciparum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis could generate inflammatory responses which could affect the plasma levels of cytokines. This work aims at the determining the plasma levels of TNFá and IL-10 in plasmodium co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis to see whether they correlate with disease status
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