Plasma levels of high-mobility group box 1 and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products in primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome patients.

Kuo-Tung Tang,Yi-Hsing Chen,Chi-Chen Lin,Ya-Hsuan Chao,Tsu-Yi Hsieh,Meng-Xian Lin,Der-Yuan Chen,Xu-Jie Zhou

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178404

Abstract

IntroductionMany studies have demonstrated elevated circulating levels of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and decreased circulating levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in patients with autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we investigated plasma levels of both HMGB1 and sRAGE in primary antiphospholipid syndrome (pAPS) patients.MethodsWe prospectively recruited 11 pAPS patients, 17 antiphospholipid antibody (APA)-positive SLE patients without APS manifestations (APA+SLE) and 12 SLE patients with secondary APS (APS+SLE). We also recruited 10 healthy controls (HCs). Plasma levels of HMGB1 and sRAGE were determined using sandwich ELISA kits. In addition, plasma levels of HMGB1 were also determined using Western blot in 6 pAPS patients and 6 HCs.ResultsThere was no significant difference in plasma levels of HMGB1 measured by ELISA among subgroups of the enrolled subjects. In addition, there was no significant difference in plasma levels of HMGB1 measured by Western blot between pAPS patients and HCs. On the other hand, we observed a trend toward lower plasma levels of sRAGE in APA+SLE or APS+SLE patients when compared with HCs. However, there was no significant difference in plasma levels of sRAGE between pAPS patients and HCs, or between APA+SLE patients and APS+SLE patients.ConclusionThere was no significant difference in plasma levels of sRAGE or HMGB1 between pAPS patients and HCs. Plasma levels of sRAGE/HMGB1 could not be utilized to differentiate between APA+SLE and APS+SLE patients.

Highlights

Many studies have demonstrated elevated circulating levels of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and decreased circulating levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products in patients with autoimmune diseases
There was no significant difference in plasma levels of HMGB1 measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) among subgroups of the enrolled subjects
There was no significant difference in plasma levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) between primary antiphospholipid syndrome (pAPS) patients and healthy controls (HCs), or between antiphospholipid antibody (APA)+systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and APS+SLE patients

Summary

Methods

We prospectively recruited 11 pAPS patients, 17 antiphospholipid antibody (APA)-positive SLE patients without APS manifestations (APA+SLE) and 12 SLE patients with secondary APS (APS+SLE). Plasma levels of HMGB1 and sRAGE were determined using sandwich ELISA kits. Plasma levels of HMGB1 were determined using Western blot in 6 pAPS patients and 6 HCs. We prospectively recruited 40 patients including 11 pAPS patients, 17 APA+SLE patients and 12 APS+SLE patients. The diagnosis of APS was made based on the revised Sapporo classification criteria [16]. All patients with SLE fulfilled the 1997 American College of Rheumatology criteria [17] except for two patients who had biopsy-proven nephritis compatible with SLE and antinuclear antibody (ANA)/anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies [18]. We recruited 10 healthy controls (HCs) without chronic disorders such as autoimmune diseases, etc. The Institutional Review Board of Taichung Veterans General Hospital approved this study (IRB TCVGH NO: CF14256A) and written consent from all participants was obtained according to the Declaration of Helsinki

Results

Discussion

Conclusion