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Abstract
The effects of the apelinergic system components apelin (AP) and elabela (ELA) in the regulation of human cardiovascular homeostasis, and data concerning the relationship between ELA and AP and coronary artery disease (CAD) are yet unknown. The aim of the study was the evaluation of AP, ELA and APJ-receptor levels in the plasma of patients with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The study group consisted of 114 patients with CAD and 33 healthy controls. Patients were divided into two groups: with CCS (n = 30) and ACS (n = 84). Routine laboratory tests and plasma ELA, AP-17, AP-13 and APJ receptor levels were measured. Echocardiographic data were analyzed in all patients. Levels of AP-17 and ELA were significantly lower in CCS than in healthy controls and ACS patients. We demonstrated significant increase of levels of plasma apelinergic system peptides, especially ELA and AP-17 in ACS patients compared with healthy controls and CCS, suggestive of compensating up-regulation mechanisms. There is a relationship between circulating ELA and AP-17 levels and classical, biochemical markers of ischemia and left ventricular ejection faction as well.
Highlights
The main cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is atherosclerosis
The concentrations of myocardial infarction (MI) markers such as hs-Troponin T, creatinine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) and NT-proBNP were significantly higher in the acute coronary syndromes (ACS) group than in the chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) group (p < 0.001 for all)
We demonstrated significant increase of levels of plasma apelinergic system peptides, especially ELA and AP-17, in ACS subjects compared with the healthy control and CCS
Summary
The main cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is atherosclerosis. This is a multifactorial process resulting from an excessive inflammatory response to various injurious stimuli to the arterial wall [1,2].Adipokines, bioactive products of subcutaneous or visceral adipose tissue, were shown to play an important role in modulation and pathogenesis of the cardiovascular system [3]. The main cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is atherosclerosis. This is a multifactorial process resulting from an excessive inflammatory response to various injurious stimuli to the arterial wall [1,2]. Adipokines, bioactive products of subcutaneous or visceral adipose tissue, were shown to play an important role in modulation and pathogenesis of the cardiovascular system [3]. They are secreted into the bloodstream, from where they enter the heart muscle and the walls of large arteries [3]. Components of the newly-discovered apelinergic system may participate in the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction and heart failure [4,5,6,7].
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