Abstract
BackgroundIrisin is a hormone released mainly from skeletal muscle after exercise which increases adipose tissue energy expenditure. Adipocytes can also release irisin after exercise, acting as a local adipokine to induce white adipose tissue to take on a brown adipose tissue-like phenotype, suggesting that irisin and its receptor may represent a novel molecular target for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related diabetes. Previous reports provide conflicting evidence regarding circulating irisin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).MethodsThis study investigated plasma irisin concentrations in 79 T2DM individuals, assessing potential associations with measures of segmental body composition, markers of endothelial dysfunction and peripheral blood mononuclear cell telomere length (TL).ResultsResting, overnight-fasted plasma irisin levels were significantly higher in this group of T2DM patients compared with levels we previously reported in healthy volunteers (p < 0.001). Moreover, plasma irisin displayed a positive correlation with body mass index (p = 0.04), body fat percentage (p = 0.03), HbA1c (p = 0.03) and soluble E-selectin (p < 0.001). A significant negative association was observed between plasma irisin and visceral adiposity (p = 0.006) in T2DM patients. Multiple regression analysis revealed that circulating soluble E-selectin levels could be predicted by plasma irisin (p = 0.004). Additionally, cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to 200 ng/ml irisin for 4 h showed a significant fourfold increase in E-selectin and 2.5-fold increase in ICAM-1 gene expression (p = 0.001 and p = 0.015 respectively), and there was a 1.8-fold increase in soluble E-selectin in conditioned media (p < 0.05).ConclusionThese data suggest that elevated plasma irisin in T2DM is associated with indices of adiposity, and that irisin may be involved in pro-atherogenic endothelial disturbances that accompany obesity and T2DM. Accordingly, irisin may constitute a potentially novel therapeutic opportunity in the field of obesity and cardiovascular diabetology.
Highlights
Irisin is a recently identified hormone derived from the fibronectin type III domain-containing (FNDC5) gene that is released mainly from skeletal muscle after exerciseRana et al Cardiovasc Diabetol (2017) 16:147 expression of other established brown adipose tissue (BAT) genes [8,9,10]
Recent data indicate that irisin may be involved in cardiovascular physiology, with evidence emerging that it plays a role in atherosclerosis [20,21,22] and can predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk [23, 24] This highlights the potential significance of irisin as a biomarker in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients who are at an increased CVD risk [25]
In the T2DM cohort overnight-fasted, resting, plasma irisin levels were significantly higher than levels previously noted in healthy volunteers (175.4 ± 131 ng/ml vs. 46.7 ± 32.4 ng/ml; p < 0.0001)
Summary
Irisin is a recently identified hormone derived from the fibronectin type III domain-containing (FNDC5) gene that is released mainly from skeletal muscle after exerciseRana et al Cardiovasc Diabetol (2017) 16:147 expression of other established BAT genes [8,9,10]. Irisin is a recently identified hormone derived from the fibronectin type III domain-containing (FNDC5) gene that is released mainly from skeletal muscle after exercise. Recent data indicate that irisin may be involved in cardiovascular physiology, with evidence emerging that it plays a role in atherosclerosis [20,21,22] and can predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk [23, 24] This highlights the potential significance of irisin as a biomarker in T2DM patients who are at an increased CVD risk [25]. Irisin is a hormone released mainly from skeletal muscle after exercise which increases adipose tissue energy expenditure. Previous reports provide conflicting evidence regarding circulating irisin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
