Abstract
This study aimed to compare the acute effect of different fast food types on appetite regulatory hormones. This was a randomized, cross over design study. After ten-hour fasting, sixteen obese participants (Body Mass Index 33.6 ± 4.8 kg/m2) received Indonesia Fast Food (IFF) followed Western Fast Food (WFF) after 1 week wash out. Both of fast foods have similar energy content but higher fat content on WFF vs IFF. Plasma ghrelin, Peptide YY (PYY) and Cholecystokinin (CCK) were measured at 30, 60 and 120 minutes after ingestions. The investigation revealed that the change of plasma ghrelin level was lower on participant consuming WFF in 120 minutes vs IFF (P < 0.05). The change of plasma PYY showed significantly higher among participant on 60 minutes following WFF vs IFF (P < 0.05). The change of plasma CCK level is lower in 30, 60 and 120 minutes after consuming WFF vs IFF (all, P < 0.001). The appetite response regarding “desire to eat” was higher after consuming IFF vs WFF. This study suggested that IFF induced feeling “want to eat” higher than WFF also induced the increasing orexigenic hormone, ghrelin, but the effects on the anorexigenic hormone (PYY) and CCK were opposite.
Highlights
Obesity as chronic health disease is escalating in the world that effect on burden health risk is called metabolic syndrome
Western Fast Food (WFF) has been taken from local market that is frequently chosen by community and it was cooked based on Western recipe, mostly from overseas franchise restaurant
This study showed that the change of plasma Ghrelin was significantly lower among subjects in 120 minutes after they consumed WFF compare to those who consumed Indonesia Fast Food (IFF) (−1468.8 ± 1195.2 pg/ml vs. −132.5 ± 958.2 pg/ml, P = 0.010)
Summary
Obesity as chronic health disease is escalating in the world that effect on burden health risk is called metabolic syndrome. Reducing food intake through regulator appetite such as preventing desire to eat may help individual control food consumption and effect on negative energy balance. Study in the US revealed that fast food has been identified to have more energy contents almost double than home food [8]. Several study reported that there are many food components that influence appetite, for example soluble fiber [9], high protein [10] high fat and food form, it has a minimal effect [11]. Our previous study revealed that Western fast food in Indonesia has a higher energy density and fat content compared to Indonesia fast food [12]. The aim of this study was to test whether the consumption of fast food in different based recipe, WFF and IFF, could influence gut hormone release
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