Abstract
Objective: To investigate whether the relationship between anti-oxidant vitamins and cardiovascular disease can be mediated by influencing haemostasis or fibrinolysis. Design: Cross-sectional population study. Setting: Population screening in the northern Sweden MONICA study. Material: 102 men aged 40–49 years, randomly selected. Outcome measure: Univariate and multivariate relationships between on the one hand plasma fibrinogen, tPA activity and PAI-1 activity and on the other hand plasma levels of retinol, β-carotene, vitamin C, α- and γ-tocopherol. Results: Plasma fibrinogen levels were inversely correlated to lipid-standardized retinol; a relationship that persisted after adjustment for possible confounders. tPA activity was directly related to β-carotene and inversely to retinol (with or without lipid-standardization). In multiple regression analysis, lipid-standardized retinol was still a significant predictor of tPA activity when possible confounders and PAI-1 activity were taken into consideration. PAI-1 activity correlated to retinol and inversely to β-carotene but these (pro)vitamins were not significant predictors of PAI-1 activity when adjusted for confounders. Conclusion: High plasma retinol levels are associated with low plasma fibrinogen and impaired fibrinolytic activity. Other anti-oxidant (pro)vitamins seem not to act by influencing haemostasis or fibrinolysis.
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