Plasma Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Levels in an Australian Population With Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

In vitro experiments suggest that free radicals may contribute importantly to atherogenesis. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), particularly extracellular SOD (EC-SOD), which accounts for the majority of SOD biological activity, is a major superoxide scavenger. We explored factors that may affect plasma EC-SOD levels measured by ELISA and assessed the association between plasma EC-SOD and coronary artery disease documented angiographically in 590 white Australian patients </=65 years old. Mean+/-SEM plasma EC-SOD in female patients (113.6+/-13.2 ng/mL) was significantly higher than in male patients (86.6+/-5.1 ng/mL, P<0.0001), and all 19 patients with levels >400 ng/mL were heterozygous for the Arg213-->Gly mutation at the EC-SOD gene; there was also a positive correlation with age (r=0.131, P=0.0016). Plasma EC-SOD in current smokers (75. 0+/-9.3 ng/mL) was much lower than in nonsmokers (111.7+/-8.2 ng/mL, P<0.01), and ex-smokers had intermediate levels (84.3+/-7.1 ng/mL). Levels were significantly lower in patients with than in those without a history of acute myocardial infarction (MI) (76.1+/-7.5 versus 110.1+/-6.0 ng/mL, P<0.05), and low plasma EC-SOD was independently associated with an increased likelihood of a history of MI (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.10 to 3.82); higher EC-SOD levels also tended to be associated with delayed onset of MI. In conclusion, our study establishes that in patients assessed by coronary angiography, circulating EC-SOD is lower in men than in women and in smokers of each sex and that low levels are independently associated with a history of MI. These findings are consistent with EC-SOD's being protective and contributing to reduced coronary risk.