Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate plasma exosome-derived SUMO-specific protease (SENP)1 levels and assess their prognostic value in melanoma.Patients and MethodsWe extracted exosomes from the plasma of 126 melanoma patients, and identified them with transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blotting. The plasma exosome-derived SENP1 levels of melanoma patients and healthy controls were detected with ELISA.ResultsPlasma exosome-derived SENP1 levels in melanoma patients were significantly upregulated than in healthy controls (P < 0.001). Plasma exosome-derived SENP1 levels in melanoma patients with tumor size >10 cm, located in the mucosa or viscera, with Clark level IV/V, with lymph node metastasis, and TNM stages IIb–IV were significantly higher than in patients in with tumor size <10 cm, located in the skin, with Clark level I–III, without lymph node metastasis, and TNM stages IIb–IV (all P < 0.05). Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were worse in melanoma patients who had higher plasma exosome-derived SENP1 levels than lower plasma exosome-derived SENP1 levels (both P < 0.001). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of plasma exosome-derived SENP1 for predicting 3-year DFS of melanoma patients was 0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74–0.88], with a sensitivity of 81.2% (95% CI: 69.9–89.6%) and specificity of 75.4% (95% CI: 62.2–85.9%). The AUROC of plasma exosome-derived SENP1 for predicting 3-year OS of melanoma patients was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.67–0.83), with a sensitivity of 95.7% (95% CI: 85.5–99.5%) and specificity of 62.0% (95% CI: 50.4–72.7%).ConclusionsMelanoma patients with higher plasma exosome-derived SENP1 levels had worse DFS and OS. The plasma exosome-derived SENP1 levels may be a potential prognostic predictor for 3-year DFS and 3-year OS of melanoma.
Highlights
Melanoma is a malignant tumor caused by abnormal differentiation of melanocytes [1]
We investigated the correlations between plasma exosomederived Sentrin sumo-specific protease 1 (SENP1) levels and tumor characteristics in melanoma patients
The AUROC of plasma exosome-derived SENP1 for predicting 3-year overall survival (OS) of melanoma patients was 0.76 (Figure 4B)
Summary
Melanoma is a malignant tumor caused by abnormal differentiation of melanocytes [1]. Melanocytes exist in the neural crest of the embryo and migrate to many parts of the body during fetal development; mainly in the basal epidermis, hair follicles, mucosal surfaces, meninges and the choroidal layers of the eyes [2, 3]. Melanoma is most common in the skin, but the rectum, eyes, anus and vulva are frequent sites. Malignant melanoma of eyelid skin is rare, accounting for only 1% of eyelid skin malignant tumors [4, 5]. Melanoma is difficult to detect during onset and has a high degree of malignancy. A century ago, melanoma was still a rare cancer, but the average incidence in western caucasian people reached 1 in 50 by the beginning of the 21st century [7]
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