Abstract
Background: Differentiation of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) from ischaemic stroke within the thrombolysis time window is difficult. Although TIA may be diagnosed within this window, the latest imaging technologies are complex and costly. Serum markers, which are non-invasive, rapid and economic, are used for diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases. Exosome-derived miRNA markers for TIA are unknown.Methods: We examined focal brain ischaemia produced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAo) for 5 min, 10 min, and 2 h in rats. Exosomal miRNAs with consistent trends in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma were identified by deep sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The areas under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of these miRNAs for TIA in rats.Results: Rno-miR-122-5p and rno-miR-300-3p were selected. Plasma exosomal rno-miR-122-5p was significantly downregulated in 10 min ischaemic rats compared with control and 5 min plasma. Plasma exosomal rno-miR-300-3p was significantly upregulated in 5 min ischaemic rats compared with control, 10 min and 2 h rats. Plasma and CSF levels of these miRNAs were correlated. ROC analysis showed high AUC values for rno-miR-122-5p (0.960) and rno-miR-300-3p (0.970) in the 10 and 5 min rats, respectively, compared with controls.Conclusions: Plasma exosomal rno-miR-122-5p and rno-miR-300-3p may be blood-based TIA biomarkers.
Highlights
Ischaemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide and an important threat to patient health and quality of life (Johnston et al, 2009)
A few TUNEL-positive cells were present with 5 min of MCAo; ischaemia for 10 min led to an increase in TUNEL-positive cells
The total TUNEL-positive ratios were significantly different among the groups, with higher values occurring in the 10 min and 2 h ischaemia groups (P < 0.001, Figure 1B)
Summary
Ischaemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide and an important threat to patient health and quality of life (Johnston et al, 2009). It is difficult to differentiate transient ischaemic attack (TIA) from IS within the time window of thrombolysis. TIA may be diagnosed within a restricted time window utilizing the latest imaging technologies, the complexity and high cost of these methods limit their widespread use. Multiple blood-based markers are applied for the diagnosis and prognosis of many diseases because these strategies are non-invasive, rapid and economic. Various proteins have been reported to play an important role as blood. Differentiation of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) from ischaemic stroke within the thrombolysis time window is difficult. TIA may be diagnosed within this window, the latest imaging technologies are complex and costly. Serum markers, which are non-invasive, rapid and economic, are used for diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases. Exosome-derived miRNA markers for TIA are unknown
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