Abstract
ABSTRACTEndothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor and is considered to have a key role in the regulation of ocular perfusion and glaucoma pathogenesis. High ET-1 and ETA-receptor levels are reported in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). We compared the mean plasma ET-1 and ETA-receptor concentration of controls and patients with early and advanced POAG stage, and assessed the correlation with the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness. The study included a total of 75 participants, aged 45–83 years: 25 (controls), 22 (early glaucoma) and 28 (advanced glaucoma). The plasma concentration of ET-1 and ETA-receptor was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The RNFL thickness was evaluated with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The mean ET-1 concentration was lower in the control group (4.88 ± 1.75 pg/mL) than in the early and advanced POAG group (6.33 ± 2.38 and 6.34 ± 1.56 pg/mL). Statistically significant difference was found between the mean ET-1 concentrations in controls and glaucoma patients (p = 0.029 – early glaucoma, p = 0.018 – advanced glaucoma), and no significant difference was observed between the two POAG groups (p = 0.998). The mean ETA-receptor concentration was highest in the control group (1209.28 ± 314.48 pg/mL) and the differences between the three groups were significant. Significant relationship was found only between ET-1 and RNFL. This study demonstrated the role of ET-1 in glaucoma pathogenesis based on the observed significant high ET-1 and ETA-receptor plasma levels in POAG patients. A new therapeutical approach needs to be considered in some patients.
Highlights
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is one of the three isoforms of endothelin
The mean ETA-receptor plasma concentration was found to be highest in the control group (1209.28 pg/mL) and lower in the glaucoma patients (Table 2)
The results from this study showed statistically significant difference between the ET-1 plasma concentration in healthy and glaucoma patients
Summary
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is one of the three isoforms of endothelin This hormone is among the most powerful vasoconstrictors [1]. It was discovered by Yanagisawa et al in 1988 [2] and for the first time was isolated, described and cloned using pork aortic endothelial cells. It is a peptide consisting of 21 amino acids and originates from the vascular endothelial cells with the help of endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE). EEE-2 has acidic pH optimum and acts as an intracellular enzyme [5]
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