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Abstract
BackgroundExisting evidence suggest that low concentrations of vitamin A and E may have a contribution to the development of diabetes complications; however, data regarding the status of vitamin A and E among individuals with prediabetes are lacking. This study aimed to examine the association of plasma concentrations of vitamin A and E with the glycemic control status among first trimester pregnant Saudi women.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 1102 first trimester pregnant Saudi women were recruited from antenatal clinics. Sociodemographic and anthropometric information were collected, and laboratory analyses of blood glycated hemoglobin (A1C) and plasma vitamins A and E were performed. Subjects were classified as normoglycemic, prediabetic, or undiagnosed diabetic. Multinomial regression models adjusted for age estimated the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and [95% confidence intervals (CIs)].ResultsAmong the sample, 78.8% (n = 868) had normal glycemic control, while 19.1% (n = 211) had prediabetes and 2.1% (n = 23) had undiagnosed diabetes. Plasma concentrations of vitamin A and E of prediabetic participants were at a level midway between that of normoglycemic and diabetic participants (p < 0.01). Compared to subjects with normoglycemic status, those with higher concentrations of vitamin A and E had lower odds of being prediabetic (aOR = 0.27 [0.21–0.35] and aOR = 0.95 [0.94–0.96], respectively) or diabetic (aOR = 0.18 [0.13–0.24] and aOR = 0.93 [0.92–0.94], respectively).ConclusionsOur findings indicate a possible contribution of vitamins A and E to the progression of prediabetes to diabetes. Future longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the association between the antioxidant status and dysglycemia. Clinicians should monitor the glycemic and the antioxidant status closely and provide dietary guidance where needed.
Highlights
Existing evidence suggest that low concentrations of vitamin A and E may have a contribution to the development of diabetes complications; data regarding the status of vitamin A and E among individuals with prediabetes are lacking
Several animal studies have provided evidence that vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy may result in adult metabolic diseases in rats through the effect on fetal islet development and subsequent islet function later in adulthood, which may suggest a possible role of vitamin A deficiency in the pathogenesis of diabetes in humans [9, 10]
Using an Ultraviolet detector, vitamins A and E were detected at 325 nm Subjects and methods The data were part of a cohort study collected between May 2009 and January 2011, wherein data of 1180 Saudi pregnant women were initially collected from several antenatal clinics located all around Al-Madinah AlMonawarah city, Saudi Arabia [13]
Summary
Existing evidence suggest that low concentrations of vitamin A and E may have a contribution to the development of diabetes complications; data regarding the status of vitamin A and E among individuals with prediabetes are lacking. This study aimed to examine the association of plasma concentrations of vitamin A and E with the glycemic control status among first trimester pregnant Saudi women. Several animal studies have provided evidence that vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy may result in adult metabolic diseases in rats through the effect on fetal islet development and subsequent islet function later in adulthood, which may suggest a possible role of vitamin A deficiency in the pathogenesis of diabetes in humans [9, 10]
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