Abstract
Plasma cell leukemia is a rare malignant hemopathy, characterized by a peripheral plasma cell proliferation of more than 20% of the leukocyte formula. A few rare cases have been described. From which we report a case of plasma cell leukemia in a 52-year-old Nigerien subject initially in a coma, whose anemia led to the diagnosis in the Onco-Hematology department of the National Hospital of Niamey and the evolution was marked by clinical and biological remission after 3 cures of CTD, but died in an infectious picture after 6 cures.
Highlights
Plasma cell leukemia is a rare hematologic malignancy, described over a century ago
Plasma cell leukemia is a rare malignant hemopathy, characterized by a peripheral plasma cell proliferation of more than 20% of the leukocyte formula
From which we report a case of plasma cell leukemia in a 52-year-old Nigerien subject initially in a coma, whose anemia led to the diagnosis in the Onco-Hematology department of the National Hospital of Niamey and the evolution was marked by clinical and biological remission after 3 cures of CTD, but died in an infectious picture after 6 cures
Summary
Plasma cell leukemia is a rare hematologic malignancy, described over a century ago. It can be primary or secondary to multiple myeloma in 2% to 4% of cases. It represents 0.9% of all acute leukemia [1]. The clinical presentation is very polymorphic based on the signs of bone marrow failure [2]. The diagnosis is based on a medullary and blood plasma cell proliferation greater than 20% of plasma cells or a number of plasma cells greater than 2 G/L in the circulating blood associated with plasma cell immunophenotyping. No case of acute plasma cell leukemia has been reported in our context.
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