Abstract
Bile acids may be involved in the regulation of food intake and energy metabolism. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of plasma bile acids with body mass index (BMI) and the possible involvement of circulating bile acids in the modulation of physical activity and eating behavior. Blood was obtained in a group of hospitalized patients with normal weight (BMI 18.5–25 kg/m2), underweight (anorexia nervosa, BMI < 17.5 kg/m2) and overweight (obesity with BMI 30–40, 40–50 and >50 kg/m2, n = 14–15/group) and plasma bile acid concentrations assessed. Physical activity and plasma bile acids were measured in a group of patients with anorexia nervosa (BMI 14.6 ± 0.3 kg/m2, n = 43). Lastly, in a population of obese patients (BMI 48.5 ± 0.9 kg/m2, n = 85), psychometric parameters related to disordered eating and plasma bile acids were assessed. Plasma bile acids showed a positive correlation with BMI (r = 0.26, p = 0.03) in the population of patients with broad range of BMI (9–85 kg/m2, n = 74). No associations were observed between plasma bile acids and different parameters of physical activity in anorexic patients (p > 0.05). Plasma bile acids were negatively correlated with cognitive restraint of eating (r = −0.30, p = 0.008), while no associations were observed with other psychometric eating behavior-related parameters (p > 0.05) in obese patients. In conclusion, these data may point toward a role of bile acids in the regulation of body weight. Since plasma bile acids are negatively correlated with the cognitive restraint of eating in obese patients, this may represent a compensatory adaptation to prevent further overeating.
Highlights
Obesity is a growing health problem and predominantly responsible for morbidity and mortality (Ogden et al, 2006; James, 2008) due to its associated diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and arteriosclerosis (Hevener and Febbraio, 2010)Bile acids correlate with body mass index (BMI) and gastrointestinal diseases including certain forms of cancer, namely hepatocellular, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer (Calle et al, 2003)
Plasma Bile Acids Show a Positive Correlation with Body Mass Index A population of 74 subjects with a broad range of BMI (8.9– 84.6 kg/m2, cohort a) was divided into five groups depending on their BMI (Table 1)
Total plasma bile acids were similar in patients with normal weight and anorexia nervosa (p = 0.66) but showed a gradual increase with increasing BMI with
Summary
Obesity is a growing health problem and predominantly responsible for morbidity and mortality (Ogden et al, 2006; James, 2008) due to its associated diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and arteriosclerosis (Hevener and Febbraio, 2010)Bile acids correlate with BMI and gastrointestinal diseases including certain forms of cancer, namely hepatocellular, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer (Calle et al, 2003). Obesity is a growing health problem and predominantly responsible for morbidity and mortality (Ogden et al, 2006; James, 2008) due to its associated diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and arteriosclerosis (Hevener and Febbraio, 2010). Hunger and satiety are predominantly regulated by peptidergic hormones (Hussain and Bloom, 2013), most of which are derived from the gastrointestinal tract (Suzuki et al, 2012). These encompass—among others—ghrelin, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 (Stengel and Taché, 2012), cholecystokinin, oxyntomodulin, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY (PYY) (Suzuki et al, 2012)
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