Abstract
Magnesium plays a pivotal role in the formation, growth, and repair of bone tissue; therefore, magnesium-based materials can be considered promising candidates for bone tissue engineering. This study aims to functionalize the surfaces of three-dimensional (3D) porous poly-ε caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with magnesium-containing coatings using cold plasma-assisted deposition processes. For this purpose, the radiofrequency (RF) sputtering of a magnesium oxide target was carried out in a low-pressure plasma reactor using argon, water vapor, hydrogen, or mixtures of argon with one of the latter two options as the feed. Plasma processes produced significant differences in the chemical composition and wettability of the treated PCL samples, which are tightly related to the gas feed composition, as shown by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact angle (WCA) analyses. Cytocompatibility assays performed with Saos-2 osteoblast cells showed that deposited magnesium-containing thin films favor cell proliferation and adhesion on 3D scaffold surfaces, as well as cell colonization inside them. These films appear to be very promising for bone tissue regeneration.
Highlights
Magnesium has vital functional roles in physiological systems
Several studies have demonstrated the stimulatory effects of magnesium on the formation, growth, and repair of bone tissue, making it interesting for bone tissue engineering [2,5,6]
The surface chemical composition of poly-ε caprolactone (PCL) flat samples and scaffolds was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
Summary
Magnesium has vital functional roles in physiological systems It is the fourth most abundant cation in the human body, with approximately half of its total content stored in bone tissue [1,2,3]. It is abundant in cartilage and bone tissue during the primary mineral phase formation and drastically decreases when the bone is mature. During this process, it inhibits the growth of calcium phosphate clusters and stabilizes the amorphous state of bone mineral apatite [4]. Magnesium and its alloys were introduced as biocompatible, load-bearing, fracture-resistant, lightweight, and degradable material in orthopedic implants in the first half of the 20th century [2,3,7,8]
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