Plasma and Urinary Calprotectin Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease

Abstract

Background: Plasma calprotectin is a persistent biomarker of insulin resistance (IR), gastroenteritis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assessed the role of plasma and urinary calprotectin in type 2 diabetes patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), to assess whether calprotectin is a risk factor for developing PAD in type 2 diabetes patients. Aim of the work: To study the association of plasma and urinary calprotectin levels with peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetic patients Methods: The current study was conducted on 90 subjects. They were subdivided into 3 groups. Group I: 30 type 2 diabetics with PAD, group II: 30 type 2 diabetics without PAD and group III: 30 healthy control subjects of comparable age and sex. They were subjected to history taking, full clinical examination, anthropometric measurement, plasma and urinary calprotectin levels that were measured by ELISA and ankle brachial index. In addition, HbA1c, fasting serum lipid profile, highly sensitive CRP and CBC were measured. Results: plasma calprotectin level was significantly higher in patients with T2DM with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (LEPAD) compared to the other 2 groups, urinary calprotectin was significantly higher in all type 2 diabetic subjects compared to healthy control group. Age, current smoking status, duration of diabetes, glycated hemoglobin and plasma calprotectin were independent determinant of peripheral arterial disease in T2DM patients Conclusion: Elevated plasma and urinary calprotectin levels in diabetic patients compared to healthy control suggest the possible role of calprotectin in development of atherosclerosis and peripheral arterial disease and the possibility of its use as a biomarker for diabetic vasculopathy.