Abstract
This paper is devoted to the use of an electrodynamical model for lithosphere – atmosphere – ionosphere (LAI) coupling to explain plasma and electromagnetic earthquake (EQ) precursors. Our consideration is based on the calculation results of electromagnetic perturbations and ionospheric irregularities accompanying the electric field and electric current occurring in the global atmosphere – ionosphere electric circuit. Our theoretical results are confirmed by satellite- and ground-based experimental data of plasma and electromagnetic perturbations obtained for several days before an EQ. It is shown that the growth of current in the global circuit might result in the AGW (acoustic gravity wave) instability in the ionosphere, the formation of field-aligned current and plasma irregularities, magnetic field ULF oscillations and electromagnetic ELF radiation, spectral broadening of VLF transmitter signals registered by satellites, depressions of ULF magnetic pulsations, VHF radio emissions generated in the troposphere and propagation of the signals of a VHF transmitter behind the horizon. Moreover, the generation of electric current in the global circuit is accompanied with the modification of D, E and F ionospheric layers. All of these phenomena are shown to be attributed just to a single cause; namely, the variation of conducting electric current in the global circuit by the injection of charged aerosols into the atmosphere during seismic activity.
Highlights
Satellite- and ground-based data suggest the relationship of lithospheric processes with electromagnetic and plasma disturbances within the ionosphere
According to the lithosphere – atmosphere – ionosphere (LAI) coupling model, the growth of electric field in the ionosphere is caused by the formation of an EMF and the variation of electro-physical characteristics of the lower atmosphere connected with the injection of aerosols and radioactive substances with soil gases in a seismic region
In the frame of this model, the theoretical investigations of plasma and electromagnetic effects caused by the current generation in the global circuit have been derived, and the corresponding calculation results show that the EMF occurrence in the global circuit results in a set of plasma and electromagnetic phenomena
Summary
Satellite- and ground-based data suggest the relationship of lithospheric processes with electromagnetic and plasma disturbances within the ionosphere. They considered both the sources of AGW generation and the processes accompanying the propagation of these waves into the ionosphere Another physical idea of the latter is used in the electrodynamical model of plasma and electromagnetic disturbances accompanying the EQ preparation, which has been discussed in the reviews by Sorokin (2007), Sorokin and Chmyrev (2010), and Sorokin and Hayakawa (2013). First this model allows us to account for the results of observation of quasi-static electric field both in the ionosphere and on the Earth’s surface that cannot be explained by other models. In the second part of our review, we consider the formation of plasma and electromagnetic disturbances accompanying the growth of electric field and the interpretation of observed phenomena
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
