Abstract
Systemic infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are life-threatening due to their strong multidrug resistance, especially since the biofilms formed by MRSA are more difficult to inactivate by antibiotics, causing long term recurrence of infection. Plasma-activated saline (PAS), a derived form of cold atmospheric-pressure plasma, can effectively inactivate bacteria and cancer cells and has been applied to sterilization and cancer treatment. Previous studies have demonstrated that the pretreatment of MRSA with PAS could promote the action of antibiotics. Here, the PAS was used as an antibiotic adjuvant to promote the inactivation of MRSA biofilms by rifampicin and vancomycin, and the combined treatment reduced approximately 6.0-log10 MRSA cells in biofilms. The plasma-activated saline and rifampicin synergistically and effectively reduced the systemic infection in the murine model. The histochemical analysis and the blood hematological and biochemical test demonstrated that the combined treatment with plasma-activated saline and rifampicin improved the blood hematological and biochemical parameters of infected mice by reducing the infection. Therefore, PAS based on plasma technology represents a new strategy for the treatment of infectious disease caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria and alleviating antibiotic resistance.
Highlights
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a considerably antibiotic-resistant bacteria of hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections [1,2,3]
The results suggested that the combination of Plasmaactivated saline (PAS) and antibiotics could effectively reduce the MRSA cells in the systemic infection model
The results suggested that the Antibiotics 2021, 10,combination of PAS and antibiotics could effectively reduce the MRSA cells in the systemic infection model
Summary
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a considerably antibiotic-resistant bacteria of hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections [1,2,3]. One type of serious infection caused by MRSA is systemic infections, which lead to organ failure and death [4,5]. MRSA generally exists in the form of a biofilm in the lesion location, and it is not easy for the living immune system to inactivate it [6,7,8,9,10,11]. Due to the strong antibiotic resistance, MRSA biofilm is difficult to inactivate with a low concentration of antibiotics, and a higher concentration of antibiotics would cause renal toxicity and are almost impossible to achieve in vivo [12,13,14,15]. The development of new strategies is necessary to improve the inactivating effects of available antibiotics on antibiotic-resistant bacteria for the effective treatment of infectious diseases [12,16,19]
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