Abstract
BackgroundHigher sunlight exposure is correlated with lower incidence of breast cancer in ecological studies, but findings from prospective studies regarding the association of circulating levels of vitamin D with the risk of breast cancer have been null. The objective of this study was to examine the relation between plasma levels of vitamin D and the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer.MethodsWe conducted a nested case–control study within the Multiethnic Cohort Study of five race/ethnic groups (white, African-American, Native Hawaiian, Japanese, and Latino) from Hawaii and Los Angeles between 2001 and 2006. Pre-diagnostic plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 [25(OH)D2], 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] and 25(OH)D (sum of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3) were examined among 707 postmenopausal breast cancer cases and matched controls.ResultsUsing conditional logistic regression models, 20 ng/mL increases of plasma 25(OH)D3 (odds ratio (OR) 0.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14-0.56) and 25(OH)D (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.23-0.80) were inversely associated with breast cancer risk among white women, but not among women in other race/ethnic groups. Using two-segmented, piecewise-linear logistic regression models, the change-points of the ORs, either for 25(OH)D3 or for 25(OH)D, were detected as 20 ng/mL among whites.ConclusionsCirculating 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D were associated with a reduced risk of postmenopausal breast cancer among whites, but not in other ethnic groups, who reside in low latitude regions.
Highlights
Higher sunlight exposure is correlated with lower incidence of breast cancer in ecological studies, but findings from prospective studies regarding the association of circulating levels of vitamin D with the risk of breast cancer have been null
Plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D2 were inversely associated with breast cancer risk among African-American women (>0 ng/mL vs 0 ng/mL: odds ratios (ORs) 0.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.120.70), but not among women in other race/ethnic groups (Table 2)
A unit increase of 20 ng/mL in plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D3 was inversely associated with postmenopausal breast cancer risk among white women, but not among women in other race/ethnic groups
Summary
Higher sunlight exposure is correlated with lower incidence of breast cancer in ecological studies, but findings from prospective studies regarding the association of circulating levels of vitamin D with the risk of breast cancer have been null. Since skin color is a determinant of synthesis to vitamin D3, it is important to examine the potential modifying influence of race/ethnicity on the relation of circulating vitamin D to disease risk. It is unknown whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25(OH)D2) interacts with race/ ethnicity on the association of vitamin D with breast cancer risk
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