Abstract
The main objective of this study was to identify prospects, advantages and challenges of plant molecular farming. Plant-made pharmaceuticals (PMPs) and plant made vaccines (PMVs) were intended to be used for human consumption. A broad range of plants, including crops, vegetables and fruits have been investigated for their applicability in production of pharmaceuticals over the last two decades. At present, mainly maize, rice, tobacco and safflower are used in open field production. Contained bioreactor-type systems focus on moss, algae and plant organ culture. Expression systems include stable transformation of plant genomes—both nuclear and plastid, which are also used in the generation of genetically modified crops, plant-viruses and transient expressions. Each expression system (production platform) offers different advantages and disadvantages. Production platform choice is perceptive and depends on a broad range of criterion. This study is based on literature reviews, document analysis and internet database browsing.
Highlights
The development of plant genetic transformation introduced the possibility of having plants to express “foreign” genes, and thereby accumulate non-native proteins in their cells and tissues
Advances in biotechnology have made it possible to genetically enhance plants to produce therapeutic proteins essential for the production of a wide range of pharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, enzymes, and blood proteins. These plants are grown under highly regulated conditions in confined growing environments and are strictly regulated by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), its Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
One of the most promising approaches is to directly mutate the Asn or Ser or Thr residues that are the major sites of superficial N-glycolsylation. This approach is well-suited for the production of antigens and simple Plant-made pharmaceuticals (PMPs) that do not have in vivo activity or high longevity, but is not recommended for more complex glycoproteins [13]
Summary
The development of plant genetic transformation introduced the possibility of having plants to express “foreign” genes, and thereby accumulate non-native proteins in their cells and tissues. Gene-expression technologies were developed for achieving very high concentrations of “unfamiliar” proteins in plant tissues. These technologies, in turn, resulted in the materializa-. The central point of this concept is its potential to provide enormous opportunities for both the agricultural sector and the biotechnology business sector at the same time Another variety of this idea is the concept of “edible vaccines” production in plants. Current production methods include reproducing the target protein through plant cell cultures or bio-fermentation processes; expressing the protein in genetically altered animals, or growing the proteins in plants modified using modern biotechnology
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