Abstract
Interspecific competition and plant–soil feedbacks are powerful drivers of plant community structure. However, across a range of edaphic conditions the interactive effects of these drivers on complex plant communities remain unclear. For example, plant–soil feedback studies focus on soil trained by a single plant species. We developed a method to assess effects of plant–microbial interactions (PMI) on a complex plant community. We established mesocosms with 13 grassland species, grown individually or together, in overgrazed or restored soil, with or without soil microbial inoculum collected from a productive and diverse native grassland. We assessed biomass production as influenced by edaphic conditions, interspecific competition and PMI. Furthermore, we assessed potential influences of interspecific competition and edaphic conditions on strength and direction of PMI. Our results indicate PMI drives negative growth responses for graminoids while forbs experience positive growth responses. Generally, interspecific competition did not alter the magnitude or direction of PMI‐mediated growth responses. Edaphic conditions altered the influence of soil microbial communities on individual plant growth while PMI facilitated plant evenness. In plant community mesocosms, PMI‐associated benefits were observed in overgrazed soil. However, interspecific competition overwhelmed plant growth benefits associated with soil microbial communities when plant communities were grown in restored soil. In mesocosms containing dominant grass species, interspecific competition had negative effects on species coexistence, but both positive and negative PMI partially counterbalanced this influence on plant species evenness. Understanding these mechanisms may improve our capacity to manage diverse and productive grasslands by enabling prediction of plant community composition following disturbance and subsequent restoration.
Highlights
Diverse plant communities are typically more stable and productive than less diverse communities (Schnitzer et al 2011); it is critical that we understand mechanisms promoting diversity in plant communities
Effects of soil microorganisms on plant community structure were not overwhelmed by interspecific competition and microbes likely play a critical role in recovery of disturbed sites
Many studies illustrate the important role of plant–soil feedbacks on individual plant growth and plant–plant competition (Aguilera et al 2017, Gomez-Aparicio et al 2017, Meiners et al 2017)
Summary
Diverse plant communities are typically more stable and productive than less diverse communities (Schnitzer et al 2011); it is critical that we understand mechanisms promoting diversity in plant communities. Abiotic properties driven by soil microorganisms, especially mutualists and pathogens can influence individual plant growth and species coexistence with subsequent reciprocal interactions (Reynolds et al 2003, Kardol et al 2006, Van Nuland et al 2016, Vincenot et al 2017, Mariotte et al 2018). This phenomenon is termed plant–soil-feedback (PSF) (Bever et al 1997, van der Putten et al 2016). We hypothesized that 1) interspecific competition and lower soil resource availability (i.e. overgrazed soil) would result in more beneficial microbial interactions, and 2) effects of soil microbes on plant community structure will be strengthened in resource-limited soil
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