Abstract
Pineapple propagation by lateral shoots, suckers or crowns is often confronted with limited number of regenerated seedlings and high diversity in flowering and fruit formation. In order to solve this problem, this study offer an alternative method by using tissue culture techniques. This study aimed to determine the effect of growth regulators on plantlet regeneration from bud slicing of pineapple cv. Tangkit. Four levels of 2.4-D (0.0, 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 ppm) in combination with BA (0.0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 ppm) were tested on solid MS medium. Cultures were incubated in total darkness for a week followed by transfer to 16-hour photoperiod. Results showed that explants treated with 2,4-D and/or BA succeeded in regenerating adventitious shoots. Average leaf number did not differ significantly among treatments (P = 0.60). Highest leaf number (2.99 ± 0.23) was obtained on medium with 0.01 ppm 2,4-D without BA, followed by 0.1 ppm 2,4-D without BA (2.85 ± 0.33). Meanwhile, roots were only formed on medium with 0.1 ppm 2.4-D without BA (4.2 ± 0.37 per shoot). Thus, complete plantlets were regenerated only on medium supplemented with 0.1 ppm 2,4-D without BA. The growth of plantlets was relatively uniform, and plantlet acclimatization succeeded 100% on Jiffy pots. The finding of optimum concentration of 2.4-D and BA in this study is important to develop standard protocol for in vitro propagation of pineapple cv. Tangkit. Thus, the benefit of producing seeds in large quantities and relatively uniform in growth is made possible through tissue culture technique.
Highlights
Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) is one of important fruit commodities from Bromeliaceae family cultivated in Jambi Province
While explants cultured in medium without growth regulator did not show any progress until the end of the trial period (Table 1), all explants cultured in medium equipped with 2,4-D or BA or combination of both regenerated adventitious shoots (Figure 1)
This proves that the regeneration of adventitious shoots from dormant axillary buds of Tangkit pineapple requires the presence of auxin and/or cytokinins in culture medium, with 2,4-D as a critical factor for plantlet growth
Summary
Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) is one of important fruit commodities from Bromeliaceae family cultivated in Jambi Province. The cultivation of pineapple in Jambi has become a priority since 1983, with Tangkit Baru Village, Muaro Jambi Regency as the production centre (Zulkarnain, 2017). The Tangkit cultivar has been registered in the Ministry of Agriculture Republic of Indonesia as a local variety of Jambi Province, with registration No 40/PVL/2009. The fruit has soft aroma, sweet and fine texture with little fibre. The shelf life of this fruit may last up to seven days after harvest. Another advantage of pineapple cv Tangkit is that their ability to grow on peat soils with pH below 5.0
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