Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an under-utilised food legume in Uganda with great potential to contribute to household food, nutrition and income security. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of planting time on the agronomic performance of Desi and Kabuli chickpea genotypes. The study was conducted on-station in Mbarara district during the 2011A, B and 2012A seasons. In the 2011A season, the unusual shorter rainfall and high temperatures favoured high pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) infestation that resulted in low grain yields (347-521 kg ha-1). In the excessively rainy and cool long 2011B season, chickpea planted before and at the onset of rainfall had high Ascochyta blight plant infection. The highly wet and dry conditions significantly (P ⤠0.05) reduced the grain yields (400 t ha-1) of chickpea, to below its potential of 1000-3000 kg ha-1. Crops that coincided with well distributed rains alternating with sufficient sunshine (planted in late March 2012A) had higher yields (> 1200 kg ha-1). Yield losses associated with pests and diseases were managed when sowing was done after the peak of the rain season (end of March and October). Therefore, chickpea requires moderately low well distributed rains, with adequate sunny days during the vegetative and reproduction stages for higher grain yields. Integration proper planting time, variety and judicial pesticide application constituted the appropriate strategy for pod borer and Ascochyta blight management for the enhanced chickpea agronomic performance in the South Western Agro Ecological Zone of Uganda.
Highlights
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a cool season food legume, grown as a winter crop in the tropics and as a summer or spring crop in temperate environments
Chickpea planted towards the end of the rain season usually coincide with high temperatures associated with the dry conditions that lead to high pest infestation especially the Helicoverpa armigera, which is a very important insect pest in major chickpea growing areas [17,28,29]
This study revealed that the semi-arid South-Western Agro-Ecological Zone (SWAEZ) of Uganda is suitable for chickpea production with a yield potential of over 1500 kg ha-1 that is close to the average yield of 1900 Kg/ha attained in the major producing countries
Summary
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a cool season food legume, grown as a winter crop in the tropics and as a summer or spring crop in temperate environments. Drought [1] and low soil fertility conditions [2,3], it is very sensitive to very high daily temperature >35°C and very low daily temperature
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