Highlights
Large afforestation projects are being implemented in the USA, Canada, countries of South America, African countries, China, Indonesia, New Zealand, Japan, and countries of Southern Asia [19]
The research material has been gathered at 21 established experimental plantations and 150 sample plots in plantations of AL on different soil types: typical sodcalcareous soil (TSC), sod-podzolic gley soil (SPG), gleyic sod-calcareous soil (GSC), sod-podzolic soil (SP), typical podzol (TP), alluvial sod-gley soil (ASG), leached sod-calcareous soil (LSC), base unsaturated brown soil (BUB), strongly altered by cultivation soil (CAS), and humi-podzolic gleyic spoil (HPG) (Table 1; Figure 4)
Similar current growth data for hybrid aspen plantations have been recorded by Swedish researchers, provided that the first thinning is performed at the age of 10–11, leaving 800–900 trees haÀ1; the second at the age of 15–16, leaving 500–600 trees haÀ1; and the third at the age of 20, leaving about 350–400 trees haÀ1 [26, 72]
Summary
The issue of rational and sustainable management of land has been the focus of the countries of the world for several centuries, but the term sustainable was coined in the 1990s of the twentieth century. Energy Efficiency and Sustainable Lighting - A Bet for the Future. Large afforestation projects are being implemented in the USA, Canada, countries of South America, African countries, China, Indonesia, New Zealand, Japan, and countries of Southern Asia [19]. About a thousand years ago, the selection of the best specimens of various tree species was commenced, and plantations for obtaining high-quality timber and other products were developed. From 1500 onwards, the selection and propagation of the best specimens of eucalyptus, pine, and other woody plant species were performed in Western Europe with the purpose of obtaining high-quality plantations. The development of teak, balsa, eucalyptus, various species of pine, and other plantations has been practised in the Southern Hemisphere—Africa, Asia, South America, Australia, etc., since 1950. In Europe, extensive afforestation of unused agricultural land commenced in the 1960s—in Europe: Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Germany, etc.; in North America: the USA and Canada; and in South America: Brazil, Chile, etc
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