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Abstract
Running is an athletic activity that is increasingly gaining popularity. Despite its benefits, there are many suspected risk factors for running-related overuse injuries. The objective of this study is to describe injuries and clinical symptoms observed on the sole of the foot in runners, giving special attention to the weekly running volume. The literature presented in this narrative review is based on a non-systematic search of the Medline, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate databases and focuses on foot injuries (the full spectrum of the foot pathology from bones to tendons and plantar fascia, nerve, and joint disorders) in runners, which represents an important topic for both professional and recreational runners. The weekly running distance appeared to be one of the strongest predictors for future overuse injuries. Marathon training and average weekly running of over 20 km are possible predictive factors in the development of plantar foot injuries. The plantar medial aspect of the foot is the anatomic area of the foot that most frequently experiences pain, with numerous pathologic conditions. As a result, diagnosis is always a challenging task. The ability to obtain an accurate medical history and carefully perform a physical examination, together with good knowledge of the foot anatomy and kinesiology, are also proven to be key players in ensuring proper diagnosis.
Highlights
BackgroundOne of the most popular sports activities in the adult population around the world is running
It is assumed that among the modifiable risk factors studied, there is an undoubted correlation between the development of foot injuries and running biomechanics, as well as the weekly running distance [1,35,36]
Wang et al [39] have suggested that a higher plantar pressure is presented underneath the medial side of the foot during running, despite the running surface. They reported a long contact time in the medial forefoot when running [39]. These results are identical to those reported by Orendurff et al [40], who found that there is great peak plantar pressure to the medial forefoot in the anatomic area of the great toe and first metatarsal during the propulsion phase of running
Summary
BackgroundOne of the most popular sports activities in the adult population around the world is running. The number of runners and running events has increased steadily since the early 2000s [1]. Running is an appealing exercise because it is a low-cost, accessible form of exercise that offers a number of health benefits [1,2]. It has various known health benefits, it is correlated with an inherent risk for injury. The major negative aspect of running is the high rate of injuries to the lower extremities. Foot injuries are estimated to compose approximately 6% to 40% of all running injuries sustained [3]. The foot is a complex anatomical and biomechanical structure, and, as a result, a careful and thorough medical history and clinical examination are of great importance to confirm a diagnosis and rule out concomitant conditions [4]
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