Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from two chromium contaminated sites, one with 275 mg kg-1 of Cr (zone A) and the other with 550 mg kg-1 Cr (zone B), were multiplied and tentatively identified. The effect of both fungal consortia on Plantago lanceolata plant growth in a substrate amended with 200 mg kg-1 of Cr and with 400 mg kg-1 Cr was assessed and compared with the growth of plants inoculated with Glomus intraradices BEG72. Only the plants inoculated with G. intraradices BEG72 and with the fungal consortia obtained from the area with a high Cr contamination (zone B) grew in the soil with 400 mg kg-1 of Cr. The consortia of fungi from zone B, decreased the plant’s uptake/translocation of the heavy metal compared with G. intraradices BEG72. These results underscore the differential effect of AM fungi in conferring bioprotection in Cr contaminated soils.
Highlights
Chromium is a common element of rocks, especially of those of basic and ultramafic origin, and soils resulting from them are correspondingly rich in this element
When roots from the leek plants planted next to the native P. lanceolata plants were observed under a dissecting binocular, typical G. intraradices structures were observed
2010) have dealt with chromium toxicity it is a common occurrence among many industrial activities, such as tanneries and metal plating with chromates
Summary
Chromium is a common element of rocks, especially of those of basic and ultramafic origin, and soils resulting from them are correspondingly rich in this element. In other soils, elevated concentrations of chromium are most likely caused by contamination. Chromium may exist in nine oxidation states (Barnhart 1997) but in natural soil systems the most stable and common forms are chromium (III) and chromium (VI). These two main oxidation states of chromium significantly differ in their biological, geochemical and toxicological properties (Sule and Ingle 1996). The sludge obtained from Cr (III) contaminating industries, like tanneries, or originating from the chemical treatment of Cr (VI) has a high concentration of Cr (III). Besides the processes involving soil treatments and land filling, the final restoration step
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