Abstract
Plant seed–based bio-coagulant development and application are promising for fecal sludge treatment and biogas production improvement. However, improving methane yield in anaerobic digestion processes is an important research direction. This work addresses the development and application of Cucumeropsis mannii and Luffa acutangula seed proteins as novel bio-coagulants for fecal sludge concentration to increase the biogas yield. Their seeds’ protein content was determined and extracted using 1 M (NaCl), then isolated and precipitated by ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2 SO4], and purified using a dialysis process. Their coagulation/flocculation was compared to Moringa oleifera and Cucurbita pepo seeds as the primary treatment for the fecal sludge concentration. Optimal coagulant dosages of 20 mg/L at pH 7.25 increased the total solids from 0.4 to 2.8% and obtained 180 to 340 mL/L of fecal sludge volume per liter. Their bio-coagulant effect on the supernatant water reduced 76.48 to 96.88% of turbidity, 71.20 to 88.76% of COD, and 81.33 to 95.30% of ammonia–nitrogen. The biomethane potential result has shown that plant seed–based bio-coagulants are effective and produce substrates potentially favorable to increased methane yield in anaerobic digestion with 350.5 to 465.3 NmL CH4/gVS, by a ratio 2:1 on VS, compared to the FS without bio-coagulant treatment with a specific methane yield of 192.8 NmL CH4/gVS.
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