Abstract
With the rapid advancement in nanotechnology, release of nanoscale materials into the environment is inevitable. Such contamination may negatively influence the functioning of the ecosystems. Many manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) contain heavy metals, which can cause soil and water contamination. Proteomic techniques have contributed substantially in understanding the molecular mechanisms of plant responses against various stresses by providing a link between gene expression and cell metabolism. As the coding regions of genome are responsible for plant adaptation to adverse conditions, protein signatures provide insights into the phytotoxicity of NPs at proteome level. This review summarizes the recent contributions of plant proteomic research to elaborate the complex molecular pathways of plant response to NPs stress.
Highlights
Nanotechnology is an emerging multidisciplinary field with a wide range of applications in cancer therapy, targeted drug delivery, electronics, cosmetic industry, and biosensors [1]
Efforts have been made in the present review to delineate the molecular basis of acquisition of nanoparticles stress response mechanism
Most of the studies carried out so far primarily deal with the overall plant response towards a specific NPs stress showing differential abundance of proteins involved in oxidation-reduction, ROS detoxification, stress signaling, and hormonal pathways
Summary
Nanotechnology is an emerging multidisciplinary field with a wide range of applications in cancer therapy, targeted drug delivery, electronics, cosmetic industry, and biosensors [1]. The rate of entry depends on the size and surface properties of NPs. the smaller NPs can enter into plant cells . Chemical interactions involve the production of reactive oxygen species [1], disturbance of ion cell membrane transport activity [10], oxidative damage [11], and lipid peroxidation [12]. While conducting engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) mediated ecotoxicity study, much attention needs to be paid towards various artifacts which often lead to misinterpretations of results [13] These potential factors include toxic impurities in ENM materials, their proper storage and dispersion in testing medium. Due to increased surface area and properties, ENMs readily adsorb organic molecules and inorganic ions from the nutrient medium resulting indirect toxicity symptoms including chlorosis and wilting [14,15]. Inefficiency to explore the influence of these factors can direct to an inappropriate explanation of phytotoxicity and a fabricated impact of ENMs [13]
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