Abstract
The term ploidy expresses the number of sets of chromosomes in a biological cell and marked by an X. A diploid genotype carries two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell, one from each parent (Figure 1a). is the multiplication of entire sets of chromosomes. In other words, polyploid genotype has more than two homolo‐ gous sets of chromosomes in its cell. For example, tetraploid plants have four sets of chromo‐ somes in their cells (Figure 1b). Polyploidy is common among flowering plants (angiosperms) and is a major force in plant speciation [1]. Almost 47%-70% of angiosperms are polyploid [1-3].
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